Od czasu do czasu spotykam się z zaskoczeniem, gdy mówię, że pewne słowa kluczowe w specyfikacjach są “standaryzowane”. Otóż specyfikacje notacji na OMG.org mają narzucone pewne słownictwo. Przykładem niech będzie specyfikacja notacji BPMN v.2.0.2, zawiera ona taki oto rozdział :
3.2 Normative
OMG UML
? OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML), Superstructure, V2.1.2 –
(jest już UML 2.5.)
OMG MOF
? Object Management Group – Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification, V2.0
https://www.omg.org/spec/MOF/2.0
RFC-2119
? Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, S. Bradner, IETF RFC 2119, March 1997
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt
Oznacza to, że do poprawnej interpretacji specyfikacji notacji należy znać specyfikacje: MOF, UML oraz także RFC-2119. O MOF i UML pisałem nie raz, dzisiaj kilka słów o tej ostatniej.
Jest to dokument opisujący rekomendowany sposób formułowania wymagań (np. w stosunku do elementów diagramu i ich użycia). Wymagania są tu rozumiane szeroko, jako sformułowania normatywne. “Słowa kluczowe do wykorzystania, w RFC do wskazania poziomów wymagań” to słowa i zwroty o tu ustalonym znaczeniu :
This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.?(?Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels,? 1997)?
Wymienione słowa kluczowe odnoszą się do formułowania reguł (przy stosowaniu określonych zasad będących wymaganiami) i oznaczają:
- MUSI (oryg. MUST) oznacza, że to zachowanie (określona reguła, wymaganie) jest absolutnym wymogiem, alternatywnie: WYMAGA SIĘ, NALEŻY
- NIE MOŻE (oryg. MUST NOT) oznacza, że określone zachowanie jest absolutnie zakazane, alternatywnie: NIE NALEŻY
- POWINIEN (oryg. SCHOULD) oznacza, że określone zachowanie jest rekomendowane, a więc jedynie w ściśle określonych okolicznościach, jeżeli istnieją określone powody, określone zachowanie może być pominięte, alternatywnie: REKOMENDUJE SIĘ,
- NIE POWINIEN (oryg. SHOULD NOT) oznacza, że pewne zachowania odradza się (rekomenduje się nie wykonywać określonego zachowania), a więc zachowanie to jest dopuszczalne jedynie w określonych okolicznościach, alternatywnie: ODRADZA SIĘ, NIE REKOMENDUJE SIĘ,
- MOŻE (oryg. MAY) oznacza, że określone zachowanie jest opcjonalne, a więc skutki tego realizacji lub pomięcia określonego zachowania są całkowicie neutralne, alternatywnie: OPCJONALNIE
Powyższe odnosi się do wszelkich wymagań, do decyzji o zastosowaniu czegoś (np. określonej konstrukcji w danej notacji). Pod pojęciem “zachowania (się)” rozumiemy interpretację zapisów np. o stosowaniu lub wymaganiu czegoś lub nie.
Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że definicje pojęć to klasyfikatory i stanowią one sobą reguły (coś jest lub nie jest czymś) słowa te stanowią także bazowy element składni treści reguł biznesowych (elementy predykatów), np. “kierowca NIE MOŻE przekraczać dozwolonej prędkości”, “kierowca POWINIEN zachować bezpieczną odległość od poprzedzającego go pojazdu”, “kierowca MOŻE przewozić pasażerów”, a ogólnie rzecz biorąc “kierowca MUSI przestrzegać zasad Kodeksu Drogowego”, a ten to nic innego jak właśnie zbiór reguł.
Źródła
{5085975:QJUPRFNR};{5085975:SR3EGVLL}
apa
default
asc
0
21283
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A2050%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22M2WU8JRC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hepburn%20and%20Andersen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHepburn%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Andersen%2C%20H.%20%282021%29.%20Scientific%20Method.%20In%20E.%20N.%20Zalta%20%28Ed.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Stanford%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Philosophy%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28Summer%202021%29.%20Metaphysics%20Research%20Lab%2C%20Stanford%20University.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fplato.stanford.edu%5C%2Farchives%5C%2Fsum2021%5C%2Fentries%5C%2Fscientific-method%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fplato.stanford.edu%5C%2Farchives%5C%2Fsum2021%5C%2Fentries%5C%2Fscientific-method%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Scientific%20Method%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hepburn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zalta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Science%20is%20an%20enormously%20successful%20human%20enterprise.%20The%20study%20ofscientific%20method%20is%20the%20attempt%20to%20discern%20the%20activities%20by%20whichthat%20success%20is%20achieved.%20Among%20the%20activities%20often%20identified%20ascharacteristic%20of%20science%20are%20systematic%20observation%20andexperimentation%2C%20inductive%20and%20deductive%20reasoning%2C%20and%20the%20formationand%20testing%20of%20hypotheses%20and%20theories.%20How%20these%20are%20carried%20out%20indetail%20can%20vary%20greatly%2C%20but%20characteristics%20like%20these%20have%20beenlooked%20to%20as%20a%20way%20of%20demarcating%20scientific%20activity%20fromnon-science%2C%20where%20only%20enterprises%20which%20employ%20some%20canonical%20formof%20scientific%20method%20or%20methods%20should%20be%20considered%20science%20%28see%20alsothe%20entry%20on%20science%20and%20pseudo-science%29.%20Others%20have%20questioned%20whether%20there%20is%20anything%20like%20a%20fixed%20toolkitof%20methods%20which%20is%20common%20across%20science%20and%20only%20science.%20Somereject%20privileging%20one%20view%20of%20method%20as%20part%20of%20rejecting%20broaderviews%20about%20the%20nature%20of%20science%2C%20such%20as%20naturalism%20%28Dupr%5Cu00e92004%29%3B%20some%20reject%20any%20restriction%20in%20principle%20%28pluralism%29.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22The%20Stanford%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Philosophy%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fplato.stanford.edu%5C%2Farchives%5C%2Fsum2021%5C%2Fentries%5C%2Fscientific-method%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-06T18%3A11%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224G9XK64V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ozkaya%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-04-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOzkaya%2C%20M.%20%282023%2C%20April%209%29.%20Microservices%20Architecture.%20%3Ci%3EDesign%20Microservices%20Architecture%20with%20Patterns%20%26amp%3B%20Principles%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmedium.com%5C%2Fdesign-microservices-architecture-with-patterns%5C%2Fmicroservices-architecture-2bec9da7d42a%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmedium.com%5C%2Fdesign-microservices-architecture-with-patterns%5C%2Fmicroservices-architecture-2bec9da7d42a%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Microservices%20Architecture%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mehmet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ozkaya%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20article%2C%20we%5Cu2019re%20going%20to%20learn%20Microservices%20Architecture.%20Of%20course%20we%20will%20start%20with%20definitions%2C%20benefits%20and%20challenges.%20After%5Cu2026%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22Design%20Microservices%20Architecture%20with%20Patterns%20%26%20Principles%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-04-09T11%3A05%3A04.320Z%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmedium.com%5C%2Fdesign-microservices-architecture-with-patterns%5C%2Fmicroservices-architecture-2bec9da7d42a%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-05T14%3A03%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226TNZL8QK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Weiss%20and%20Hari%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWeiss%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hari%2C%20A.%20%282004%29.%20%3Ci%3EICDM%20-%20an%20Integrated%20Methodology%20for%20the%20Conceptual%20Design%20of%20New%20Systems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F59514794%5C%2FICDM_an_Integrated_Methodology_for_the_Conceptual_Design_of_New_Systems%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F59514794%5C%2FICDM_an_Integrated_Methodology_for_the_Conceptual_Design_of_New_Systems%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22ICDM%20-%20an%20Integrated%20Methodology%20for%20the%20Conceptual%20Design%20of%20New%20Systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Menachem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weiss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amihud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hari%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22ICDM%20-%20an%20Integrated%20Methodology%20for%20the%20Conceptual%20Design%20of%20New%20Systems%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004%5C%2F01%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F59514794%5C%2FICDM_an_Integrated_Methodology_for_the_Conceptual_Design_of_New_Systems%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-03T07%3A23%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227K8QVVDG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22W%5Cu0142odarska-Dziurzy%5Cu0144ska%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EW%26%23x142%3Bodarska-Dziurzy%26%23x144%3Bska%2C%20K.%20%282012%29.%20Poj%26%23x119%3Bcie%20produktu.%20%3Ci%3ENieuczciwe%20praktyki%20rynkowe%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20ocena%20regulacji%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20141%26%23x2013%3B143.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fruj.uj.edu.pl%5C%2Fserver%5C%2Fapi%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fbitstreams%5C%2Fc5d331c9-8945-4f12-9a9b-12eddee0be30%5C%2Fcontent%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fruj.uj.edu.pl%5C%2Fserver%5C%2Fapi%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fbitstreams%5C%2Fc5d331c9-8945-4f12-9a9b-12eddee0be30%5C%2Fcontent%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Poj%5Cu0119cie%20produktu%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karolina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22W%5Cu0142odarska-Dziurzy%5Cu0144ska%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22pl%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22978-83-233-3287-9%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fruj.uj.edu.pl%5C%2Fserver%5C%2Fapi%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fbitstreams%5C%2Fc5d331c9-8945-4f12-9a9b-12eddee0be30%5C%2Fcontent%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-03T07%3A17%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XURZ5QJ7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mahesh%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMahesh%2C%20B.%20%282019%29.%20%3Ci%3EMachine%20Learning%20Algorithms%20-A%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.21275%5C%2FART20203995%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Machine%20Learning%20Algorithms%20-A%20Review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Batta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahesh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Machine%20learning%20%28ML%29%20is%20the%20scientific%20study%20of%20algorithms%20and%20statistical%20models%20that%20computer%20systems%20use%20to%20perform%20a%20specific%20task%20without%20being%20explicitly%20programmed.%20Learning%20algorithms%20in%20many%20applications%20that%27s%20we%20make%20use%20of%20daily.%20Every%20time%20a%20web%20search%20engine%20like%20Google%20is%20used%20to%20search%20the%20internet%2C%20one%20of%20the%20reasons%20that%20work%20so%20well%20is%20because%20a%20learning%20algorithm%20that%20has%20learned%20how%20to%20rank%20web%20pages.%20These%20algorithms%20are%20used%20for%20various%20purposes%20like%20data%20mining%2C%20image%20processing%2C%20predictive%20analytics%2C%20etc.%20to%20name%20a%20few.%20The%20main%20advantage%20of%20using%20machine%20learning%20is%20that%2C%20once%20an%20algorithm%20learns%20what%20to%20do%20with%20data%2C%20it%20can%20do%20its%20work%20automatically.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20a%20brief%20review%20and%20future%20prospect%20of%20the%20vast%20applications%20of%20machine%20learning%20algorithms%20has%20been%20made.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-01-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-01T13%3A43%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PUGG63YC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Martin%20and%20Martin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMartin%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Martin%2C%20R.%20C.%20%282018%29.%20%3Ci%3EClean%20architecture%3A%20a%20craftsman%26%23x2019%3Bs%20guide%20to%20software%20structure%20and%20design%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Prentice%20Hall.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Clean%20architecture%3A%20a%20craftsman%27s%20guide%20to%20software%20structure%20and%20design%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Building%20upon%20the%20success%20of%20best-sellers%20The%20Clean%20Coder%20and%20Clean%20Code%2C%20legendary%20software%20craftsman%20Robert%20C.%20%5C%22Uncle%20Bob%5C%22%20Martin%20shows%20how%20to%20bring%20greater%20professionalism%20and%20discipline%20to%20application%20architecture%20and%20design.%20As%20with%20his%20other%20books%2C%20Martin%27s%20Clean%20Architecture%20doesn%27t%20merely%20present%20multiple%20choices%20and%20options%2C%20and%20say%20%5C%22use%20your%20best%20judgment%5C%22%3A%20it%20tells%20you%20what%20choices%20to%20make%2C%20and%20why%20those%20choices%20are%20critical%20to%20your%20success.%20Martin%20offers%20direct%2C%20no-nonsense%20answers%20to%20key%20architecture%20and%20design%20questions%20like%3A%20What%20are%20the%20best%20high%20level%20structures%20for%20different%20kinds%20of%20applications%2C%20including%20web%2C%20database%2C%20thick-client%2C%20console%2C%20and%20embedded%20apps%3F%20What%20are%20the%20core%20principles%20of%20software%20architecture%3F%20What%20is%20the%20role%20of%20the%20architect%2C%20and%20what%20is%20he%5C%2Fshe%20really%20trying%20to%20achieve%3F%20What%20are%20the%20core%20principles%20of%20software%20design%3F%20How%20do%20designs%20and%20architectures%20go%20wrong%2C%20and%20what%20can%20you%20do%20about%20it%3F%20What%20are%20the%20disciplines%20and%20practices%20of%20professional%20architects%20and%20designers%3F%20Clean%20Architecture%20is%20essential%20reading%20for%20every%20software%20architect%2C%20systems%20analyst%2C%20system%20designer%2C%20and%20software%20manager%20--%20and%20for%20any%20programmer%20who%20aspires%20to%20these%20roles%20or%20is%20impacted%20by%20their%20work%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-13-449416-6%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-01T10%3A07%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224VR592PM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Foote%20and%20Yoder%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221997-08-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFoote%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yoder%2C%20J.%20%281997%29.%20%3Ci%3EBig%20Ball%20of%20Mud%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Department%20of%20Computer%20Science%20University%20of%20Illinois%20at%20Urbana-Champaign%201304%20W.%20Springfield%20Urbana%2C%20IL%2061801%20USA.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F2938621_Big_Ball_of_Mud%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F2938621_Big_Ball_of_Mud%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Big%20Ball%20of%20Mud%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Foote%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yoder%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22While%20much%20attention%20has%20been%20focused%20on%20high-level%20software%20architectural%20patterns%2C%20what%20is%2C%20in%20effect%2C%20thede-facto%20standard%20software%20architecture%20is%20seldom%20discussed.%20This%20paper%20examines%20the%20most%20frequentlydeployed%20architecture%3A%20the%20BIG%20BALL%20OF%20MUD.%20A%20BIG%20BALL%20OF%20MUD%20is%20a%20casually%2C%20even%20haphazardly%2Cstructured%20system.%20Its%20organization%2C%20if%20one%20can%20call%20it%20that%2C%20is%20dictated%20more%20by%20expediency%20than%20design.%20Yet%2Cits%20enduring%20popularity%20cannot%20merely%20be%20indicative%20of%20a%20general%20disregard%20for%20architecture.These%20patterns%20explore%20the%20forces%20that%20encourage%20the%20emergence%20of%20a%20BIG%20BALL%20OF%20MUD%2C%20and%20theundeniable%20effectiveness%20of%20this%20approach%20to%20software%20architecture.%20In%20order%20to%20become%20so%20popular%2C%20it%20mustbe%20doing%20something%20right.%20If%20more%20high-minded%20architectural%20approaches%20are%20to%20compete%2C%20we%20mustunderstand%20what%20the%20forces%20that%20lead%20to%20a%20BIG%20BALL%20OF%20MUD%20are%2C%20and%20examine%20alternative%20ways%20to%20resolvethem.A%20number%20of%20additional%20patterns%20emerge%20out%20of%20the%20BIG%20BALL%20OF%20MUD.%20We%20discuss%20them%20in%20turn.%20Twoprincipal%20questions%20underlie%20these%20patterns%3A%20Why%20are%20so%20many%20existing%20systems%20architecturallyundistinguished%2C%20and%20what%20can%20we%20do%20to%20improve%20them%3F%20%5Cn%5Cn%2812%29%20%28PDF%29%20Big%20Ball%20of%20Mud.%20Available%20from%3A%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F2938621_Big_Ball_of_Mud%20%5Baccessed%20Apr%2030%202024%5D.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Tuesday%2C%20August%2026%2C%201997%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F2938621_Big_Ball_of_Mud%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-30T12%3A06%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D2FU6D6W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alencar%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222000-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAlencar%2C%20F.%20%282000%29.%20Closing%20the%20GAP%20between%20organizational%20requirements%20and%20object%20oriented%20modeling.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Brazilian%20Computer%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F83364710%5C%2FClosing_the_GAP_between_organizational_requirements_and_object_oriented_modeling%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F83364710%5C%2FClosing_the_GAP_between_organizational_requirements_and_object_oriented_modeling%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Closing%20the%20GAP%20between%20organizational%20requirements%20and%20object%20oriented%20modeling%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fernanda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alencar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Closing%20the%20GAP%20between%20organizational%20requirements%20and%20object%20oriented%20modeling%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222000%5C%2F01%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F83364710%5C%2FClosing_the_GAP_between_organizational_requirements_and_object_oriented_modeling%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-21T11%3A11%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229QGW85N8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rumpe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERumpe%2C%20B.%20%282007%29.%20%3Ci%3EModel-driven%20development%20of%20complex%20software%3A%20A%20research%20roadmap%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F16456630%5C%2FModel_driven_development_of_complex_software_A_research_roadmap%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F16456630%5C%2FModel_driven_development_of_complex_software_A_research_roadmap%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Model-driven%20development%20of%20complex%20software%3A%20A%20research%20roadmap%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bernhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rumpe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Model-driven%20development%20of%20complex%20software%3A%20A%20research%20roadmap%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007%5C%2F01%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F16456630%5C%2FModel_driven_development_of_complex_software_A_research_roadmap%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-21T11%3A04%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R4VP7IBF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harmon%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-12-14%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarmon%2C%20P.%20%282010%2C%20December%2014%29.%20What%20is%20a%20Business%20Process.%20%3Ci%3EBPTrends%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2821%29%2C%206.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bptrends.com%5C%2Fpublicationfiles%5C%2Fadvisor20101214.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bptrends.com%5C%2Fpublicationfiles%5C%2Fadvisor20101214.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20is%20a%20Business%20Process%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harmon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%2014%2C%202010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bptrends.com%5C%2Fpublicationfiles%5C%2Fadvisor20101214.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-19T13%3A32%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YEH4WG8U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harmon%20and%20Garcia%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarmon%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Garcia%2C%20J.%20%282020%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20States%20of%20the%20Business%20Process%20Management%20Process%202020%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28No.%202020%29.%20BP%20Trends%20Associations.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27www.bptrends.com%27%3Ewww.bptrends.com%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20States%20of%20the%20Business%20Process%20Management%20Process%202020%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harmon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jorge%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garcia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22BP%20Trends%20Associations%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22www.bptrends.com%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-19T13%3A32%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W9YWA2NW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harmon%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHarmon%2C%20P.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20State%20of%20Business%20Process%20Management%202016%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20BT%20Trends.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.club-bpm.com%5C%2FContenido%5C%2FEstudios%5C%2FBPT-Survey-Report.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.club-bpm.com%5C%2FContenido%5C%2FEstudios%5C%2FBPT-Survey-Report.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20State%20of%20Business%20Process%20Management%202016%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harmon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BPTrends%20conducted%20our%20first%20BPTrends%20Market%20Survey%20in%202005%2C%20two%20years%20after%20we%20launched%20BPTrends.com%5Cnand%20after%20the%20publication%20of%20Paul%20Harmon%5Cu2019s%20best%20selling%20book%2C%20Business%20Process%20Change.%20Since%20then%2C%20we%20have%5Cncontinued%20to%20conduct%20the%20same%20survey%20every%20other%20year%2C%20modifying%20it%20only%20when%20we%20felt%20it%20was%20important%20to%5Cncapture%20new%20developments.%20We%20publish%20these%20BPTrends%20Market%20Survey%20Reports%20on%20BPTrends%20and%20we%20make%5Cnthem%20available%20to%20our%20members%20and%20readers%20FREE%20of%20charge.%20charge%20as%20a%20service%20to%20the%20business%20process%5Cncommunity.%5CnThis%20report%20summarizes%20information%20provided%20by%20over%20100%20respondents%20who%20participated%20in%20our%20BPTrends%5Cnsurvey%20in%20September%20and%20October%20of%202015.%20The%20report%20analyzes%20the%20responses%20and%20compares%20them%20with%20the%5Cnresponses%20from%20the%20five%20previous%20BPTrends%20surveys%20that%20were%20conducted%20in%202005%2C%202007%2C%202009%2C%202011%20and%202013.%5CnWe%20hope%20this%20survey%20will%20provide%20benchmarks%20that%20the%20Business%20Process%20Management%20%28BPM%29%20community%20can%5Cnuse%20to%20gauge%20the%20evolution%20of%20BPM%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.club-bpm.com%5C%2FContenido%5C%2FEstudios%5C%2FBPT-Survey-Report.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-19T13%3A31%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QYP2U3VK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nanayakkara%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-07-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENanayakkara%2C%20C.%20%282023%2C%20July%207%29.%20Microservices%20Patterns%3A%20The%20Saga%20Pattern.%20%3Ci%3ECloud%20Native%20Daily%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmedium.com%5C%2Fcloud-native-daily%5C%2Fmicroservices-patterns-part-04-saga-pattern-a7f85d8d4aa3%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmedium.com%5C%2Fcloud-native-daily%5C%2Fmicroservices-patterns-part-04-saga-pattern-a7f85d8d4aa3%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Microservices%20Patterns%3A%20The%20Saga%20Pattern%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Crishantha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nanayakkara%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Microservices%20Pattern%20Series%20%5Cu2014%20Part%2004%3A%20Some%20insights%20into%20ACID%20Transactions%2C%202PC%20Pattern%20and%20finally%20the%20Saga%20Pattern%20in%20detail.%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22Cloud%20Native%20Daily%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-07-07T01%3A08%3A31.737Z%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmedium.com%5C%2Fcloud-native-daily%5C%2Fmicroservices-patterns-part-04-saga-pattern-a7f85d8d4aa3%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-13T13%3A44%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XINEK6Q8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gaiardelli%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGaiardelli%2C%20S.%2C%20Spellini%2C%20S.%2C%20Panato%2C%20M.%2C%20Tadiello%2C%20C.%2C%20Lora%2C%20M.%2C%20Cheng%2C%20D.%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fummi%2C%20F.%20%282024%29.%20Enabling%20Service-oriented%20Manufacturing%20through%20Architectures%2C%20Models%20and%20Protocols.%20%3Ci%3EIEEE%20Access%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B1.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FACCESS.2024.3385634%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FACCESS.2024.3385634%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Enabling%20Service-oriented%20Manufacturing%20through%20Architectures%2C%20Models%20and%20Protocols%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sebastiano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaiardelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spellini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Panato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carlo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tadiello%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lora%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dong%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fummi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Modern%20production%20lines%20are%20often%20composed%20of%20machinery%20from%20different%20vendors%20that%20must%20be%20connected%20with%20each%20other%20to%20increase%20the%20overall%20interoperability%20and%20flexibility.%20A%20common%20problem%20that%20arises%20in%20such%20systems%20is%20the%20complexity%20of%20the%20configuration%20task%3A%20they%20usually%20require%20each%20component%20to%20be%20manually%20configured.%20Thus%2C%20machinery%20requires%20different%20configuration%20strategies%2C%20negatively%20impacting%20scalability%20and%20increasing%20the%20chance%20of%20human%20errors.%20Furthermore%2C%20each%20time%20the%20manufacturing%20system%20has%20to%20be%20updated%2C%20the%20entire%20procedure%20must%20be%20repeated.%20This%20paper%20proposes%20a%20software%20architecture%20abstracting%20the%20complexity%20of%20existing%20production%20lines%20by%20enabling%20the%20service-oriented%20manufacturing%20paradigm.%20Then%2C%20it%20presents%20a%20strategy%20to%20model%20manufacturing%20systems%2C%20covering%20the%20topology%20of%20the%20production%20plant%2C%20machinery%2C%20and%20production%20recipes.%20The%20paper%20also%20proposes%20a%20model-based%20methodology%20to%20automatically%20configure%20the%20reference%20software%20architecture%20and%20hence%20the%20machines%20in%20the%20system.%20The%20application%20of%20the%20contributions%20to%20a%20fully-fledged%20production%20line%20shows%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20relying%20on%20model-based%20automatic%20configuration.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FACCESS.2024.3385634%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-3536%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F10493040%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-13T09%3A35%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WBY4QT8K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Huang%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuang%2C%20S.-C.%20%282006%29.%20A%20semiotic%20view%20of%20information%3A%20Semiotics%20as%20a%20foundation%20of%20LIS%20research%20in%20information%20behavior.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20American%20Society%20for%20Information%20Science%20and%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E43%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B17.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fmeet.1450430166%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fmeet.1450430166%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20semiotic%20view%20of%20information%3A%20Semiotics%20as%20a%20foundation%20of%20LIS%20research%20in%20information%20behavior%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sheng-Cheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Traditional%20information%20behavior%20studies%20in%20library%20and%20information%20science%20%28LIS%29%20research%20have%20focused%20on%20primarily%20two%20trends%3A%20one%20is%20to%20provide%20physical%20access%20to%20material%20objects%20and%20the%20other%20is%20to%20direct%20users%20to%20certain%20thoughts%20and%20ideas.%20Both%20focuses%20are%20two%20sides%20of%20the%20same%20problem%20that%20LIS%20researchers%20have%20worked%20to%20address%3A%20how%20to%20provide%20a%20better%20system%20or%20service%20to%20accommodate%20people%27s%20need%20for%20information.%20Among%20the%20domains%20of%20users%2C%20material%20objects%2C%20and%20meaningful%20ideas%2C%20applying%20the%20concept%20of%20information%20as%20sign%20with%20semiotics%20not%20only%20joins%20these%20two%20trends%20in%20the%20analysis%20of%20the%20pragmatic-syntactic%20relationship%20and%20the%20pragmatic-semantic%20relationship%2C%20but%20it%20also%20gives%20an%20additional%20focus%20on%20the%20syntactic-semantic%20relationship.%20It%20is%20this%20additional%20focus%20that%20helps%20LIS%20professionals%5C%2Fresearchers%20understand%20an%20individual%27s%20states%20of%20knowing%20and%20ways%20of%20obtaining%20knowledge%20through%20physical%20and%20mental%20interactions%20with%20informative%20objects.%20The%20author%20conducts%20a%20review%20of%20information%20studies%2C%20the%20epistemological%20concerns%20and%20pragmatic%20traditions%20in%20LIS%2C%20and%20semiotics%20in%20an%20attempt%20to%20seek%20a%20holistic%20principle%20that%20will%20incorporate%20both%20the%20traditional%20trends%20of%20LIS%20research%20and%20provide%20an%20additional%20awareness%20in%20assisting%20users%20to%20make%20connections%20between%20material%20objects%20and%20ideas%20in%20information%20behavior%20studies.%20By%20applying%20a%20semiotic%20view%20of%20information%20and%20the%20concept%20of%20information%20as%20sign%2C%20LIS%20researchers%20of%20information%20behavior%20will%20find%20semiotics%20a%20useful%20epistemological%20framework.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fmeet.1450430166%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221550-8390%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fmeet.1450430166%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-11T15%3A26%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ABPIDVAI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nuninger%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-06-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENuninger%2C%20L.%2C%20Verhagen%2C%20P.%2C%20Libourel%2C%20T.%2C%20Opitz%2C%20R.%2C%20Rodier%2C%20X.%2C%20Laplaige%2C%20C.%2C%20Fruchart%2C%20C.%2C%20Leturcq%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Levoguer%2C%20N.%20%282020%29.%20Linking%20Theories%2C%20Past%20Practices%2C%20and%20Archaeological%20Remains%20of%20Movement%20through%20Ontological%20Reasoning.%20%3Ci%3EInformation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20338.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Finfo11060338%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Finfo11060338%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Linking%20Theories%2C%20Past%20Practices%2C%20and%20Archaeological%20Remains%20of%20Movement%20through%20Ontological%20Reasoning%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nuninger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verhagen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Th%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00e8se%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Libourel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Opitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clement%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laplaige%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fruchart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leturcq%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathanael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levoguer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20amount%20of%20information%20available%20to%20archaeologists%20has%20grown%20dramatically%20during%20the%20last%20ten%20years.%20The%20rapid%20acquisition%20of%20observational%20data%20and%20creation%20of%20digital%20data%20has%20played%20a%20significant%20role%20in%20this%20%5Cu201cinformation%20explosion%5Cu201d.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20propose%20new%20methods%20for%20knowledge%20creation%20in%20studies%20of%20movement%2C%20designed%20for%20the%20present%20data-rich%20research%20context.%20Using%20three%20case%20studies%2C%20we%20analyze%20how%20researchers%20have%20identified%2C%20conceptualized%2C%20and%20linked%20the%20material%20traces%20describing%20various%20movement%20processes%20in%20a%20given%20region.%20Then%2C%20we%20explain%20how%20we%20construct%20ontologies%20that%20enable%20us%20to%20explicitly%20relate%20material%20elements%2C%20identified%20in%20the%20observed%20landscape%2C%20to%20the%20knowledge%20or%20theory%20that%20explains%20their%20role%20and%20relationships%20within%20the%20movement%20process.%20Combining%20formal%20pathway%20systems%20and%20informal%20movement%20systems%20through%20these%20three%20case%20studies%2C%20we%20argue%20that%20these%20systems%20are%20not%20hierarchically%20integrated%2C%20but%20rather%20intertwined.%20We%20introduce%20a%20new%20heuristic%20tool%2C%20the%20%5Cu201ctrack%20graph%5Cu201d%2C%20to%20record%20observed%20material%20features%20in%20a%20neutral%20form%20which%20can%20be%20employed%20to%20reconstruct%20the%20trajectories%20of%20journeys%20which%20follow%20different%20movement%20logics.%20Finally%2C%20we%20illustrate%20how%20the%20breakdown%20of%20implicit%20conceptual%20references%20into%20explicit%2C%20logical%20chains%20of%20reasoning%2C%20describing%20basic%20entities%20and%20their%20relationships%2C%20allows%20the%20use%20of%20these%20constituent%20elements%20to%20reconstruct%2C%20analyze%2C%20and%20compare%20movement%20practices%20from%20the%20bottom%20up.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-06-24%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Finfo11060338%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-11T15%3A17%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GVFCIMJ5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gradim%20and%20Moura%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGradim%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Moura%2C%20C.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3ECOMMUNICATING%20AND%20EVALUATING%20SCIENCE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FCatarina_Gracio_De_Moura%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F324314608_Communicating_and_Evaluating_Science%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F5c6485c8299bf1d14cc4bc1c%5C%2FCommunicating-and-Evaluating-Science.pdf%23page%3D181%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FCatarina_Gracio_De_Moura%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F324314608_Communicating_and_Evaluating_Science%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F5c6485c8299bf1d14cc4bc1c%5C%2FCommunicating-and-Evaluating-Science.pdf%23page%3D181%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22COMMUNICATING%20AND%20EVALUATING%20SCIENCE%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anabela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gradim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catarina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moura%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-989-654-240-5%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FCatarina_Gracio_De_Moura%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F324314608_Communicating_and_Evaluating_Science%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F5c6485c8299bf1d14cc4bc1c%5C%2FCommunicating-and-Evaluating-Science.pdf%23page%3D181%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-11T13%3A54%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZMZU8GXC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Machado%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMachado%2C%20I.%20%282015%29.%20Graphic%20argumentation%3A%20diagrammatic%20modeling%20in%20the%20communication%20of%20science.%20%3Ci%3ECommunicating%20and%20Evaluating%20Science.%20Covilh%26%23xE3%3B%3A%20Labcom%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20177%26%23x2013%3B202.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FCatarina_Gracio_De_Moura%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F324314608_Communicating_and_Evaluating_Science%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F5c6485c8299bf1d14cc4bc1c%5C%2FCommunicating-and-Evaluating-Science.pdf%23page%3D181%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FCatarina_Gracio_De_Moura%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F324314608_Communicating_and_Evaluating_Science%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F5c6485c8299bf1d14cc4bc1c%5C%2FCommunicating-and-Evaluating-Science.pdf%23page%3D181%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Graphic%20argumentation%3A%20diagrammatic%20modeling%20in%20the%20communication%20of%20science%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Irene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Machado%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FCatarina_Gracio_De_Moura%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F324314608_Communicating_and_Evaluating_Science%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F5c6485c8299bf1d14cc4bc1c%5C%2FCommunicating-and-Evaluating-Science.pdf%23page%3D181%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-11T13%3A52%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2273YDJ7UT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Machado%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMachado%2C%20I.%20%28n.d.%29.%20Graphic%20argumentation%3A%20diagrammatic%20modeling%20in%20the.%20%3Ci%3ECommunication%20and%20Evaluating%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20177%26%23x2013%3B202.%20Retrieved%20April%2011%2C%202024%2C%20from%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F92934020%5C%2FIrene_Machado.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F92934020%5C%2FIrene_Machado.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Graphic%20argumentation%3A%20diagrammatic%20modeling%20in%20the%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Irene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Machado%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F92934020%5C%2FIrene_Machado.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-11T13%3A51%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RKWZLWBA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jerzy%20Zajad%5Cu0142o%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJerzy%20Zajad%26%23x142%3Bo.%20%282019%29.%20Bana%26%23x142%3B%20formu%26%23x142%3By%20%26%23x201C%3Bdura%20lex%20sed%20lex.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EBana%26%23x142%3B%20formu%26%23x142%3By%20%26%23x201C%3Bdura%20lex%20sed%20lex%2C%26%23x201D%3B%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%3Ci%3ER.%2064%2C%20nr%205%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%205%26%23x2013%3B12.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpalestra.pl%5C%2Fpl%5C%2Fczasopismo%5C%2Fwydanie%5C%2F5-2019%5C%2Fartykul%5C%2Fbanal-formuly-dura-lex-sed-lex%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpalestra.pl%5C%2Fpl%5C%2Fczasopismo%5C%2Fwydanie%5C%2F5-2019%5C%2Fartykul%5C%2Fbanal-formuly-dura-lex-sed-lex%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bana%5Cu0142%20formu%5Cu0142y%20%5C%22dura%20lex%20sed%20lex%5C%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jerzy%20Zajad%5Cu0142o%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu0141aci%5Cu0144ska%20paremia%20dura%20lex%20sed%20lex%20jest%20dosy%5Cu0107%20cz%5Cu0119sto%20u%5Cu017cywana%20w%20obrocie%20prawnym.%20Co%20ciekawe%2C%20wsp%5Cu00f3%5Cu0142cze%5Cu015bnie%20odwo%5Cu0142uj%5Cu0105%20si%5Cu0119%20do...%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22pl%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpalestra.pl%5C%2Fpl%5C%2Fczasopismo%5C%2Fwydanie%5C%2F5-2019%5C%2Fartykul%5C%2Fbanal-formuly-dura-lex-sed-lex%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-10T11%3A58%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VVLRWM5H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Korycka-Zirk%20and%20Dobrzeniecki%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKorycka-Zirk%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Dobrzeniecki%2C%20K.%20%282018%29.%20%3Ci%3ELogika%20dla%20prawnik%26%23xF3%3Bw%3A%20kompendium%20i%20zadania%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28Wydanie%20II%20rozszerzone%29.%20Towarzystwo%20Naukowe%20Organizacji%20i%20Kierownictwa%20%26%23x201C%3BDom%20Organizatora.%26%23x201D%3B%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Logika%20dla%20prawnik%5Cu00f3w%3A%20kompendium%20i%20zadania%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Milena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Korycka-Zirk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karol%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dobrzeniecki%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-83-7285-832-0%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-06T07%3A49%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223EYU8CNX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lewandowski%20and%20Malinowski%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222002%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELewandowski%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Malinowski%2C%20A.%20%28Eds.%29.%20%282002%29.%20%3Ci%3ELogika%20dla%20prawnik%26%23xF3%3Bw%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Wydaw.%20Prawnicze%20%26%23x201C%3BLexisNexis.%26%23x201D%3B%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Logika%20dla%20prawnik%5Cu00f3w%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu0142awomir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewandowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrzej%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malinowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222002%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22pol%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-83-7334-122-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-06T07%3A42%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KVQS3HXD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lewandowski%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELewandowski%2C%20S.%2C%20Machi%26%23x144%3Bska%2C%20H.%2C%20Malinowski%2C%20A.%2C%20Petzel%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pe%26%23x142%3Bka%2C%20M.%20%28Eds.%29.%20%282022%29.%20%3Ci%3ELogika%20dla%20prawnik%26%23xF3%3Bw%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28Wydanie%2013%29.%20Wolters%20Kluwer.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Logika%20dla%20prawnik%5Cu00f3w%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu0142awomir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewandowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Machi%5Cu0144ska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrzej%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malinowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Micha%5Cu0142%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pe%5Cu0142ka%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-83-8286-669-8%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-06T07%3A41%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SVDUYLS3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lewandowski%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELewandowski%2C%20S.%2C%20Malinowski%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Petzel%2C%20J.%20%28Eds.%29.%20%282021%29.%20%3Ci%3ELogika%20dla%20prawnik%26%23xF3%3Bw%3A%20s%26%23x142%3Bownik%20encyklopedyczny%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%283.%20wydanie%20zaktualizowane%20i%20rozszerzone%29.%20Wolters%20Kluwer.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Logika%20dla%20prawnik%5Cu00f3w%3A%20s%5Cu0142ownik%20encyklopedyczny%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu0142awomir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewandowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrzej%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malinowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petzel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-83-8246-798-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-06T07%3A40%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PGDQCXEC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Friedman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221997%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFriedman%2C%20J.%20%281997%29.%20What%26%23x2019%3Bs%20wrong%20with%20Libertarianism.%20%3Ci%3ECritical%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E11%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20407%26%23x2013%3B467.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08913819708443469%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08913819708443469%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%27s%20wrong%20with%20Libertarianism%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Friedman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F1997%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F08913819708443469%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220891-3811%2C%201933-8007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08913819708443469%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-31T21%3A19%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WZLFGKFK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Singla%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESingla%2C%20A.%2C%20Nathan%2C%20V.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vageesh%2C%20S.%20%282016%29.%20Model%20Based%20Self%26%23x2010%3BLearning%20System%20Engineering%20Approach.%20%3Ci%3EINCOSE%20International%20Symposium%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E26%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28s1%29%2C%20219%26%23x2013%3B233.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fj.2334-5837.2016.00327.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fj.2334-5837.2016.00327.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Model%20Based%20Self%5Cu2010Learning%20System%20Engineering%20Approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abneesh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Visvanathan%20Thanigai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vageesh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22System%20requirements%20engineering%20is%20relatively%20matured%20discipline%20with%20many%20trusted%20and%20dependable%20methods%20and%20techniques%20that%20fairly%20helps%20in%20identifying%2C%20analyzing%2C%20specifying%2C%20managing%2C%20verifying%2C%20and%20validating%20the%20system%20requirements.%20Yet%20the%20major%20challenge%20perceived%20in%20system%20engineering%20and%20development%20of%20software%20that%20is%20persisting%20over%20many%20years%20and%20pervasive%20across%20all%20domains%20is%20the%20requirements%20development%2C%20analysis%2C%20management%2C%20and%20validation.%20Still%20there%20are%20projects%20attributing%20to%20the%20defects%20in%20system%20requirements%20as%20the%20prime%20cause%20of%20its%20failure.%20Is%20a%20radical%20change%20to%20the%20current%20approach%20and%20techniques%20is%20essential%20or%20is%20it%20that%20we%20are%20not%20able%20to%20put%20the%20best%20practices%20designed%20into%20good%20use%20or%20both%3F%20Is%20there%20something%20else%20amiss%20that%20is%20not%20proportioned%20into%20these%20methods%20or%20tools%20and%20needs%20to%20be%20accounted%20into%20it%3F%20Several%20approaches%20attempt%20to%20increase%20the%20standardized%20portion%20by%20making%20it%20more%20objective%20and%20diminish%20the%20subjective%20substance.%20Towards%20this%20objective%20numerous%20tools%20and%20models%20were%20evolved%20over%20past%20several%20years%20aiming%20to%20standardize%20the%20requirements%20acquisition%20practice%20through%20various%20instruments%20like%20a%20questionnaire%2C%20design%20of%20use-cases%20or%20models%20that%20consumes%20inputs%20from%20every%20stakeholder%20and%20use%20a%20standard%20template%20that%20brings%20in%20objectivity%20eliminating%20the%20ambiguity.%20These%20models%20are%20as%20intelligent%20as%20per%20the%20capabilities%20of%20the%20templates%20or%20the%20outlines%20created%20and%20matures%20per%20their%20exposure%20levels%20to%20the%20scenarios.%20They%20concentrates%20more%20on%20the%20methodology%2C%20patterns%20or%20blueprint%20to%20capture%20different%20characteristics%20and%20properties%20associated%20to%20the%20product%20in%20the%20requirements%20and%20the%20domain%20perspective%20is%20less%20deliberated.%20Domain%20viewpoint%20is%20of%20utmost%20importance%20to%20ensure%20the%20functioning%20of%20the%20product%20in%20the%20required%20environment%20and%20ambiance%20with%20required%20performance%20criteria%20that%20is%20suitable%20to%20the%20product.%20The%20%5Cu201cDomain%20Driven%20Design%5Cu201d%20is%20yet%20another%20approach%20to%20capture%20the%20requirements%2C%20develop%20and%20maintain%20it.%20A%20study%20of%20these%20three%20different%20approaches%20from%20the%20existing%20literature%20is%20done%20in%20this%20paper%20bringing%20out%20their%20prominent%20features%2C%20advantages%20and%20shortcomings.%20The%20proposed%20model%20delves%20deep%20into%20augment%20the%20domain%20facets%20of%20the%20products%20to%20ensure%20the%20definition%20of%20requirements%20are%20comprehensive%20and%20all-inclusive%20to%20facilitate%20the%20flawless%20development%20and%20complete%20testing%20by%20reducing%20the%20ambiguity%20and%20enhancing%20the%20clarity.%20It%20also%20targets%20to%20produce%20all%20relevant%20artifacts%20like%20use%20cases%2C%20test%20scenarios%2C%20documentation%20etcetera.%20Collation%20and%20embedding%20of%20the%20precious%20and%20adept%20data%20from%20the%20experienced%20system%20engineers%20is%20one%20of%20the%20best%20features%20of%20the%20suggested%20model.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fj.2334-5837.2016.00327.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222334-5837%2C%202334-5837%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fincose.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fj.2334-5837.2016.00327.x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-29T14%3A35%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LJYYWUDI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sarnowski%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-05-31%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESarnowski%2C%20J.%20%282022%29.%20Podatki%20w%20krajach%20nordyckich%20a%20gospodarka%20i%20dobrobyt.%20%3Ci%3EDoradztwo%20Podatkowe%20-%20Biuletyn%20Instytutu%20Studi%26%23xF3%3Bw%20Podatkowych%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E5%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28309%29%2C%204%26%23x2013%3B14.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5604%5C%2F01.3001.0015.8617%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5604%5C%2F01.3001.0015.8617%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Podatki%20w%20krajach%20nordyckich%20a%20gospodarka%20i%20dobrobyt%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janusz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sarnowski%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20prevailing%20view%20is%20that%20high%20taxation%20is%20not%20conducive%20to%20economic%20growth%20as%20well%20as%20increasing%20the%20competitiveness%20and%20innovation%20of%20the%20economy.%20High%20taxation%20fosters%20the%20deepening%20of%20income%20disparities%20as%20well%20as%20poverty%20and%20social%20exclusion.%20The%20analysis%20of%20the%20tax%20systems%20in%20the%20Nordic%20countries%20does%20not%20confirm%20these%20statements.%20These%20countries%2C%20despite%20relatively%20high%20taxation%2C%20are%20characterized%20by%20systematic%20and%20sustainable%20economic%20growth%2C%20and%20their%20economies%20are%20characterized%20by%20a%20high%20level%20of%20competitiveness%20and%20innovation.%20The%20level%20of%20disparities%20in%20the%20population%5Cu2019s%20income%20and%20the%20risk%20of%20poverty%20is%20very%20low.%5Cn%5CnPrzewa%5Cu017ca%20pogl%5Cu0105d%2C%20%5Cu017ce%20wysokie%20opodatkowanie%20nie%20sprzyja%20wzrostowi%20gospodarczemu%2C%20a%20tak%5Cu017ce%20podnoszeniu%20konkurencyjno%5Cu015bci%20i%20innowacyjno%5Cu015bci%20gospodarki.%20Wysokie%20opodatkowanie%20prowadzi%20r%5Cu00f3wnie%5Cu017c%20do%20pog%5Cu0142%5Cu0119biania%20si%5Cu0119%20r%5Cu00f3%5Cu017cnic%20dochodowych%20oraz%20ub%5Cu00f3stwa%20i%20wykluczenia%20spo%5Cu0142ecznego.%20Dokonana%20analiza%20system%5Cu00f3w%20podatkowych%20w%20krajach%20nordyckich%20nie%20potwierdza%20tych%20przekona%5Cu0144.%20Kraje%20te%2C%20mimo%20relatywnie%20wysokiego%20opodatkowania%2C%20charakteryzuj%5Cu0105%20si%5Cu0119%20systematycznym%20i%20zr%5Cu00f3wnowa%5Cu017conym%20wzrostem%20gospodarczym%2C%20a%20ich%20gospodarki%20cechuje%20wysoki%20poziom%20konkurencyjno%5Cu015bci%20i%20innowacyjno%5Cu015bci.%20Ponadto%20poziom%20zr%5Cu00f3%5Cu017cnicowania%20dochod%5Cu00f3w%20ludno%5Cu015bci%20oraz%20zagro%5Cu017cenia%20ub%5Cu00f3stwem%20jest%20bardzo%20niski.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-5-31%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22pl%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5604%5C%2F01.3001.0015.8617%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221427-2008%2C%202449-7584%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fisp-bisp.pl%5C%2Fgicid%5C%2F01.3001.0015.8617%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-27T14%3A17%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226J8ZX2MR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ackoff%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAckoff%2C%20R.%20L.%2C%20Magidson%2C%20J.%2C%20Addison%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ehrlich%2C%20A.%20%282007%29.%20%3Ci%3EProjektowanie%20idea%26%23x142%3Bu%3A%20kszta%26%23x142%3Btowanie%20przysz%26%23x142%3Bo%26%23x15B%3Bci%20organizacji%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Wy%26%23x17C%3Bsza%20Szko%26%23x142%3Ba%20Przedsi%26%23x119%3Bbiorczo%26%23x15B%3Bci%20i%20Zarz%26%23x105%3Bdzania%20im.%20Leona%20Ko%26%23x17A%3Bmi%26%23x144%3Bskiego%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Wydawnictwa%20Akademickie%20i%20Profesjonalne.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frepozytorium.kozminski.edu.pl%5C%2Fpl%5C%2Fpub%5C%2F3442%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frepozytorium.kozminski.edu.pl%5C%2Fpl%5C%2Fpub%5C%2F3442%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Projektowanie%20idea%5Cu0142u%3A%20kszta%5Cu0142towanie%20przysz%5Cu0142o%5Cu015bci%20organizacji%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Russell%20Lincoln%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ackoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magidson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herbert%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Addison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrzej%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ehrlich%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Polish%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-83-60501-73-3%20978-83-89437-72-3%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frepozytorium.kozminski.edu.pl%5C%2Fpl%5C%2Fpub%5C%2F3442%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-25T11%3A31%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225KGSTZTI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Babalola%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBabalola%2C%20V.%20%282016%29.%20%3Ci%3EPublic%20Private%20Partnership%3A%20Imperative%20in%20Educational%20Planning%20and%20Management%20for%20Human%20Security%20in%20Nigerian%20Schools%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Public%20Private%20Partnership%3A%20Imperative%20in%20Educational%20Planning%20and%20Management%20for%20Human%20Security%20in%20Nigerian%20Schools%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Babalola%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Recently%2C%20it%20has%20been%20noticed%20that%20one%20of%20the%20challenges%20that%20Nigeria%20has%20to%20contend%20with%20in%20her%20rapid%20bid%20for%20development%20using%20education%20as%20a%20catalyst%20is%20human%20security%20in%20her%20schools.%20Many%20students%20and%20teachers%20have%20been%20kidnapped%20while%20others%20have%20been%20sentenced%20to%20death%20by%20the%20evil%20perpetrators%20of%20educational%20violence.%20In%20this%20regard%2C%20the%20paper%20examined%20Public%20Private%20Partnership%20as%20an%20imperative%20in%20educational%20planning%20and%20management%20for%20human%20security%20in%20Nigerian%20schools.%20The%20paper%20employs%20primary%20and%20secondary%20data%20for%20the%20study.%20Observations%20and%20oral%20interviews%20were%20used%20as%20the%20instrument%20of%20primary%20data%20collection%2C%20while%20multidisciplinary%20approach%20was%20used%20to%20collect%20secondary%20data%20used%20for%20the%20study.%20It%20was%20discovered%20that%20human%20security%20in%20Nigerian%20school%20is%20a%20function%20of%20adequate%20planning%20and%20management%20but%20not%20a%20one%20man%20business.%20It%20is%20a%20joint%20responsibility%20of%20school%20administrators%2C%20government%2C%20private%20individuals%20and%20organizations%20in%20the%20school%20host%20community.%20By%20this%2C%20it%20was%20recommended%20among%20others%20that%20school%20administrators%20through%20proper%20planning%20and%20management%20should%20join%20hands%20with%20government%20and%20the%20private%20individual%20within%20the%20school%20host%20community%20to%20provide%20human%20security%20for%20human%20capital%20in%20Nigerian%20schools.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-04-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-25T09%3A35%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WXAFBAXM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Keet%20and%20Fillottrani%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKeet%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fillottrani%2C%20P.%20R.%20%282015%29.%20An%20Analysis%20and%20Characterisation%20of%20Publicly%20Available%20Conceptual%20Models.%20In%20P.%20Johannesson%2C%20M.%20L.%20Lee%2C%20S.%20W.%20Liddle%2C%20A.%20L.%20Opdahl%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%26%23xD3%3B.%20Pastor%20L%26%23xF3%3Bpez%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%3Ci%3EConceptual%20Modeling%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28Vol.%209381%2C%20pp.%20585%26%23x2013%3B593%29.%20Springer%20International%20Publishing.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-319-25264-3_45%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20Analysis%20and%20Characterisation%20of%20Publicly%20Available%20Conceptual%20Models%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johannesson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mong%20Li%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liddle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Opdahl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00d3scar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pastor%20L%5Cu00f3pez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%20Rub%5Cu00e9n%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fillottrani%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Multiple%20conceptual%20data%20modelling%20languages%20exist%2C%20with%20newer%20version%20typically%20having%20more%20features%20to%20model%20the%20universe%20of%20discourse%20more%20precisely.%20The%20question%20arises%2C%20however%2C%20to%20what%20extent%20those%20features%20are%20actually%20used%20in%20extant%20models%2C%20and%20whether%20characteristic%20pro%5Cufb01les%20can%20be%20discerned.%20We%20quantitatively%20evaluated%20this%20with%20a%20set%20of%20105%20UML%20Class%20Diagrams%2C%20ER%20and%20EER%20models%2C%20and%20ORM%20and%20ORM2%20diagrams.%20When%20more%20features%20are%20available%2C%20they%20are%20used%2C%20but%20few%20times.%20Only%2064%25%20of%20the%20entities%20are%20the%20kind%20of%20entities%20that%20appear%20in%20all%20three%20language%20families.%20Di%5Cufb00erent%20pro%5Cufb01les%20are%20identi%5Cufb01ed%20that%20characterise%20how%20a%20typical%20UML%2C%20%28E%29ER%20and%20ORM%20diagram%20looks%20like.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Conceptual%20Modeling%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-319-25263-6%20978-3-319-25264-3%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-319-25264-3_45%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-25T09%3A11%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VQJ47EML%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Busboom%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-03-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBusboom%2C%20A.%20%282024%29.%20Automated%20generation%20of%20OPC%20UA%20information%20models%20%26%23x2014%3B%20A%20review%20and%20outlook.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Industrial%20Information%20Integration%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100602.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jii.2024.100602%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jii.2024.100602%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Automated%20generation%20of%20OPC%20UA%20information%20models%20%5Cu2014%20A%20review%20and%20outlook%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Axel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Busboom%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OPC%20Unified%20Architecture%20%28OPC%20UA%29%20is%20widely%20considered%20a%20key%20enabler%20of%20%5Cu201cIndustry%204.0%5Cu201d%20and%20one%20of%20the%20most%20promising%20standardized%20platforms%20for%20industrial%20communications%20from%20sensor%20to%20cloud.%20One%20of%20its%20key%20features%20is%20a%20powerful%20framework%20for%20information%20modeling%20that%20allows%20to%20compose%20semantic%20models%20and%20enables%20self-describing%20information%20provisioning.%20However%2C%20building%20OPC%20UA%20information%20models%20can%20be%20a%20tedious%20task%2C%20requiring%20deep%20understanding%20of%20both%20the%20OPC%20UA%20meta-model%20and%20the%20application%20domain%20to%20be%20modeled.%20Therefore%2C%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20methods%20for%20automatically%20generating%20OPC%20UA%20information%20models%20has%20been%20described%20in%20the%20literature%2C%20either%20from%20relational%20databases%2C%20from%20application-domain%20specific%20models%2C%20tools%2C%20or%20languages%2C%20or%20by%20aggregating%20multiple%20component-level%20models%20into%20a%20single%2C%20system-level%20information%20model.%20This%20paper%20reviews%20the%20state-of-the-art%20in%20tools%20and%20methods%20for%20automated%20generation%20of%20OPC%20UA%20information%20models.%20It%20is%20argued%20that%20enriching%20the%20tool%20landscape%20and%20interoperability%2C%20in%20particular%20with%20industrial%20engineering%20tools%2C%20will%20be%20a%20prerequisite%20for%20unleashing%20the%20full%20potential%20of%20OPC%20UA.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-03-21%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jii.2024.100602%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222452-414X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS2452414X24000463%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-24T10%3A45%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HVJ8MZ3Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Michalak%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMichalak.%20%28n.d.%29.%20%3Ci%3EUstawa%20o%20prawie%20autorskim%20i%20prawach%20pokrewnych.%20Komentarz%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Wolters%20Kluwer.%20Retrieved%20March%2023%2C%202024%2C%20from%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ksiegarnia.beck.pl%5C%2Fmedia%5C%2Fproduct_custom_files%5C%2F1%5C%2F8%5C%2F18361-ustawa-o-prawie-autorskim-i-prawach-pokrewnych-komentarz-arkadiusz-michalak-fragment_1.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ksiegarnia.beck.pl%5C%2Fmedia%5C%2Fproduct_custom_files%5C%2F1%5C%2F8%5C%2F18361-ustawa-o-prawie-autorskim-i-prawach-pokrewnych-komentarz-arkadiusz-michalak-fragment_1.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ustawa%20o%20prawie%20autorskim%20i%20prawach%20pokrewnych.%20Komentarz%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Michalak%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22pl%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ksiegarnia.beck.pl%5C%2Fmedia%5C%2Fproduct_custom_files%5C%2F1%5C%2F8%5C%2F18361-ustawa-o-prawie-autorskim-i-prawach-pokrewnych-komentarz-arkadiusz-michalak-fragment_1.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-23T11%3A37%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DX42IHL5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brambilla%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBrambilla%2C%20M.%2C%20Cabot%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wimmer%2C%20M.%20%282012%29.%20%3Ci%3EModel-driven%20software%20engineering%20in%20practice%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Morgan%20%26amp%3B%20Claypool.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Model-driven%20software%20engineering%20in%20practice%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brambilla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cabot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wimmer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-60845-883-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-21T18%3A38%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MGRGSQAA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Boisot%20and%20Canals%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBoisot%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Canals%2C%20A.%20%282004%29.%20Data%2C%20information%20and%20knowledge%3A%20have%20we%20got%20it%20right%3F%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Evolutionary%20Economics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E14%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2043%26%23x2013%3B67.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00191-003-0181-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00191-003-0181-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Data%2C%20information%20and%20knowledge%3A%20have%20we%20got%20it%20right%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Max%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boisot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Agust%5Cufffd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Canals%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004-1-1%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00191-003-0181-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220936-9937%2C%201432-1386%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00191-003-0181-9%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-15T12%3A53%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C65D68NZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChen%2C%20M.%2C%20Ebert%2C%20D.%2C%20Hagen%2C%20H.%2C%20Laramee%2C%20R.%20S.%2C%20Van%20Liere%2C%20R.%2C%20Ma%2C%20K.-L.%2C%20Ribarsky%2C%20W.%2C%20Scheuermann%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Silver%2C%20D.%20%282008%29.%20Data%2C%20information%2C%20and%20knowledge%20in%20visualization.%20%3Ci%3EIEEE%20Computer%20Graphics%20and%20Applications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2012%26%23x2013%3B19.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fabstract%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F4736452%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fabstract%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F4736452%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Data%2C%20information%2C%20and%20knowledge%20in%20visualization%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Min%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ebert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laramee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Liere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kwan-Liu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ribarsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scheuermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deborah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silver%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fabstract%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F4736452%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-15T12%3A53%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ENJ3GKRU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Floridi%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFloridi%2C%20L.%20%282005%29.%20Is%20Semantic%20Information%20Meaningful%20Data%3F%20%3Ci%3EPhilosophy%20and%20Phenomenological%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E70%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20351%26%23x2013%3B370.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1933-1592.2005.tb00531.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1933-1592.2005.tb00531.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Is%20Semantic%20Information%20Meaningful%20Data%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luciano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Floridi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1933-1592.2005.tb00531.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220031-8205%2C%201933-1592%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1933-1592.2005.tb00531.x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-15T12%3A53%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YY65JQ9N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zins%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-02-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZins%2C%20C.%20%282007%29.%20Conceptual%20approaches%20for%20defining%20data%2C%20information%2C%20and%20knowledge.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20American%20Society%20for%20Information%20Science%20and%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20479%26%23x2013%3B493.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fasi.20508%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fasi.20508%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Conceptual%20approaches%20for%20defining%20data%2C%20information%2C%20and%20knowledge%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chaim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zins%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20field%20of%20Information%20Science%20is%20constantly%20changing.%20Therefore%2C%20information%20scientists%20are%20required%20to%20regularly%20review%5Cu2014and%20if%20necessary%5Cu2014redefine%20its%20fundamental%20building%20blocks.%20This%20article%20is%20one%20of%20a%20group%20of%20four%20articles%2C%20which%20resulted%20from%20a%20Critical%20Delphi%20study%20conducted%20in%202003%5Cu20132005.%20The%20study%2C%20%5Cu201cKnowledge%20Map%20of%20Information%20Science%2C%5Cu201d%20was%20aimed%20at%20exploring%20the%20foundations%20of%20information%20science.%20The%20international%20panel%20was%20composed%20of%2057%20leading%20scholars%20from%2016%20countries%2C%20who%20represent%20%28almost%29%20all%20the%20major%20subfields%20and%20important%20aspects%20of%20the%20field.%20This%20particular%20article%20documents%20130%20definitions%20of%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20data%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20information%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20and%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20knowledge%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20formulated%20by%2045%20scholars%2C%20and%20maps%20the%20major%20conceptual%20approaches%20for%20defining%20these%20three%20key%20concepts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007-02-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fasi.20508%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221532-2882%2C%201532-2890%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fasi.20508%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-15T12%3A45%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RANLZ7UY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Foehr%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-05-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFoehr%2C%20M.%2C%20Vollmar%2C%20J.%2C%20Cal%26%23xE0%3B%2C%20A.%2C%20Leit%26%23xE3%3Bo%2C%20P.%2C%20Karnouskos%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Colombo%2C%20A.%20%282017%29.%20Engineering%20of%20Next%20Generation%20Cyber-Physical%20Automation%20System%20Architectures.%20In%20%3Ci%3EMulti-Disciplinary%20Engineering%20for%20Cyber-Physical%20Production%20Systems%3A%20Data%20Models%20and%20Software%20Solutions%20for%20Handling%20Complex%20Engineering%20Projects%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28pp.%20185%26%23x2013%3B206%29.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-319-56345-9_8%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Engineering%20of%20Next%20Generation%20Cyber-Physical%20Automation%20System%20Architectures%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Foehr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vollmar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ambra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cal%5Cu00e0%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paulo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leit%5Cu00e3o%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stamatis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karnouskos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Armando%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colombo%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Cyber-Physical-Systems%20%28CPS%29%20enable%20flexible%20and%20reconfigurable%20realization%20of%20automation%20system%20architectures%2C%20utilizing%20distributed%20control%20architectures%20with%20non-hierarchical%20modules%20linked%20together%20through%20different%20communication%20systems.%20Several%20control%20system%20architectures%20have%20been%20developed%20and%20validated%20in%20the%20past%20years%20by%20research%20groups.%20However%2C%20there%20is%20still%20a%20lack%20of%20implementation%20in%20industry.%20The%20intention%20of%20this%20work%20is%20to%20provide%20a%20summary%20of%20current%20alternative%20control%20system%20architectures%20that%20could%20be%20applied%20in%20industrial%20automation%20domain%20as%20well%20as%20a%20review%20of%20their%20commonalities.%20The%20aim%20is%20to%20point%20out%20the%20differences%20between%20the%20traditional%20centralized%20and%20hierarchical%20architectures%20to%20discussed%20ones%2C%20which%20rely%20on%20decentralized%20decision-making%20and%20control.%20Challenges%20and%20impacts%20that%20industries%20and%20engineers%20face%20in%20the%20process%20of%20adopting%20decentralized%20control%20architectures%20are%20discussed%2C%20analysing%20the%20obstacles%20for%20industrial%20acceptance%20and%20the%20new%20necessary%20interdisciplinary%20engineering%20skills.%20Finally%2C%20an%20outlook%20of%20possible%20mitigation%20and%20migration%20actions%20required%20to%20implement%20the%20decentralized%20control%20architectures%20is%20addressed.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Multi-Disciplinary%20Engineering%20for%20Cyber-Physical%20Production%20Systems%3A%20Data%20Models%20and%20Software%20Solutions%20for%20Handling%20Complex%20Engineering%20Projects%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-05-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-11T15%3A46%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MGJA3R7U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%28N.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22image%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%235fb236%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%221%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200000%7C000025%7C00267%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A0%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B505.5%2C138.917%2C866.75%2C398.5%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A11%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QGRRSUIX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%28N.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22image%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%235fb236%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2264%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200063%7C000352%7C00170%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A63%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B41.25%2C179.667%2C379.583%2C478%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A10%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223AUC74IG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3ETherefore%2C%20use%20a%20Repository%2C%20the%20purpose%20of%20which%20is%20to%20encapsulate%20all%20the%20logic%20needed%20to%20obtain%20object%20references.%20The%20domain%20objects%20won%26%23x2019%3Bt%20have%20to%20deal%20with%20the%20infrastructure%20to%20get%20the%20needed%20references%20to%20other%20objects%20of%20the%20domain.%20They%20will%20just%20get%20them%20from%20the%20Repository%20and%20the%20model%20is%20regaining%20its%20clarity%20and%20focus.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22Therefore%2C%20use%20a%20Repository%2C%20the%20purpose%20of%20which%20is%20to%20encapsulate%20all%20the%20logic%20needed%20to%20obtain%20object%20references.%20The%20domain%20objects%20won%5Cu2019t%20have%20to%20deal%20with%20the%20infrastructure%20to%20get%20the%20needed%20references%20to%20other%20objects%20of%20the%20domain.%20They%20will%20just%20get%20them%20from%20the%20Repository%20and%20the%20model%20is%20regaining%20its%20clarity%20and%20focus.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%235fb236%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2260%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200059%7C001111%7C00386%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A59%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B50.396%2C250.617%2C363.475%2C261.536%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C236.818%2C363.641%2C247.689%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C223.019%2C363.44%2C233.89%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C209.221%2C363.561%2C220.092%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C195.422%2C363.578%2C206.293%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C181.623%2C133.322%2C192.494%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A10%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223MXVIU64%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3ETherefore%2C%20a%20new%20concept%20is%20necessary%20to%20be%20introduced%2C%20one%20that%20help%20to%20encapsulate%20the%20process%20of%20complex%20object%20creation.%20This%20is%20called%20Factory.%20Factories%20are%20used%20to%20encapsulate%20the%20knowledge%20necessary%20for%20object%20creation%2C%20and%20they%20are%20especially%20useful%20to%20create%20Aggregates.%20When%20the%20root%20of%20the%20Aggregate%20is%20created%2C%20all%20the%20objects%20contained%20by%20the%20Aggregate%20are%20created%20along%20with%20it%2C%20and%20all%20the%20invariants%20are%20enforced.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22Therefore%2C%20a%20new%20concept%20is%20necessary%20to%20be%20introduced%2C%20one%20that%20help%20to%20encapsulate%20the%20process%20of%20complex%20object%20creation.%20This%20is%20called%20Factory.%20Factories%20are%20used%20to%20encapsulate%20the%20knowledge%20necessary%20for%20object%20creation%2C%20and%20they%20are%20especially%20useful%20to%20create%20Aggregates.%20When%20the%20root%20of%20the%20Aggregate%20is%20created%2C%20all%20the%20objects%20contained%20by%20the%20Aggregate%20are%20created%20along%20with%20it%2C%20and%20all%20the%20invariants%20are%20enforced.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%235fb236%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2255%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200054%7C000219%7C00129%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A54%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B68.394%2C507.396%2C381.439%2C518.267%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C493.596%2C381.696%2C504.468%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C479.797%2C381.519%2C490.716%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C465.999%2C381.714%2C476.87%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C452.2%2C381.577%2C463.071%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C438.401%2C381.474%2C449.272%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C424.602%2C300.828%2C435.473%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A09%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224H7IPCEE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3ETherefore%2C%20use%20Aggregates.%20An%20Aggregate%20is%20a%20group%20of%20associated%20objects%20which%20are%20considered%20as%20one%20unit%20with%20regard%20to%20data%20changes.%20The%20Aggregate%20is%20demarcated%20by%20a%20boundary%20which%20separates%20the%20objects%20inside%20from%20those%20outside.%20Each%20Aggregate%20has%20one%20root.%20The%20root%20is%20an%20Entity%2C%20and%20it%20is%20the%20only%20object%20accessible%20from%20outside.%20The%20root%20can%20hold%20references%20to%20any%20of%20the%20aggregate%20objects%2C%20and%20the%20other%20objects%20can%20hold%20references%20to%20each%20other%2C%20but%20an%20outside%20object%20can%20hold%20references%20only%20to%20the%20root%20object.%20If%20there%20are%20other%20Entities%20inside%20the%20boundary%2C%20the%20identity%20of%20those%20entities%20is%20local%2C%20making%20sense%20only%20inside%20the%20aggregate.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22Therefore%2C%20use%20Aggregates.%20An%20Aggregate%20is%20a%20group%20of%20associated%20objects%20which%20are%20considered%20as%20one%20unit%20with%20regard%20to%20data%20changes.%20The%20Aggregate%20is%20demarcated%20by%20a%20boundary%20which%20separates%20the%20objects%20inside%20from%20those%20outside.%20Each%20Aggregate%20has%20one%20root.%20The%20root%20is%20an%20Entity%2C%20and%20it%20is%20the%20only%20object%20accessible%20from%20outside.%20The%20root%20can%20hold%20references%20to%20any%20of%20the%20aggregate%20objects%2C%20and%20the%20other%20objects%20can%20hold%20references%20to%20each%20other%2C%20but%20an%20outside%20object%20can%20hold%20references%20only%20to%20the%20root%20object.%20If%20there%20are%20other%20Entities%20inside%20the%20boundary%2C%20the%20identity%20of%20those%20entities%20is%20local%2C%20making%20sense%20only%20inside%20the%20aggregate.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%232ea8e5%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2252%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200051%7C000637%7C00271%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A51%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B50.396%2C365.808%2C363.503%2C376.727%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C352.009%2C363.476%2C362.88%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C338.21%2C363.716%2C349.081%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C324.411%2C363.477%2C335.282%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C310.612%2C363.836%2C321.483%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C296.813%2C363.597%2C307.684%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C283.014%2C363.477%2C293.885%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C269.216%2C363.596%2C280.087%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C255.417%2C363.459%2C266.288%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C241.618%2C363.703%2C252.489%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C227.819%2C241.553%2C238.69%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A09%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KJRSYZW3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EA%20Service%20should%20not%20replace%20the%20operation%20which%20normally%20belongs%20on%20domain%20objects.%20We%20should%20not%20create%20a%20Service%20for%20every%20operation%20needed.%20But%20when%20such%20an%20operation%20stands%20out%20as%20an%20important%20concept%20in%20the%20domain%2C%20a%20Service%20should%20be%20created%20for%20it.%20There%20are%20three%20characteristics%20of%20a%20Service%3A%201.%20The%20operation%20performed%20by%20the%20Service%20refers%20to%20a%20domain%20concept%20which%20does%20not%20naturally%20belong%20to%20an%20Entity%20or%20Value%20Object.%202.%20The%20operation%20performed%20refers%20to%20other%20objects%20in%20the%20domain.%203.%20The%20operation%20is%20stateless.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22A%20Service%20should%20not%20replace%20the%20operation%20which%20normally%20belongs%20on%20domain%20objects.%20We%20should%20not%20create%20a%20Service%20for%20every%20operation%20needed.%20But%20when%20such%20an%20operation%20stands%20out%20as%20an%20important%20concept%20in%20the%20domain%2C%20a%20Service%20should%20be%20created%20for%20it.%20There%20are%20three%20characteristics%20of%20a%20Service%3A%201.%20The%20operation%20performed%20by%20the%20Service%20refers%20to%20a%20domain%20concept%20which%20does%20not%20naturally%20belong%20to%20an%20Entity%20or%20Value%20Object.%202.%20The%20operation%20performed%20refers%20to%20other%20objects%20in%20the%20domain.%203.%20The%20operation%20is%20stateless.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%232ea8e5%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2246%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200045%7C000690%7C00267%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A45%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B50.396%2C370.007%2C363.716%2C380.878%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C356.208%2C363.623%2C367.079%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C342.409%2C363.68%2C353.281%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C328.61%2C363.521%2C339.481%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C314.812%2C325.524%2C325.683%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C292.014%2C363.596%2C302.885%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C278.215%2C363.521%2C289.086%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C264.416%2C85.326%2C275.287%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C241.618%2C361.663%2C252.489%5D%2C%5B50.396%2C218.82%2C186.358%2C229.691%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A08%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H2J9P9J4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EEntities%20are%20important%20objects%20of%20a%20domain%20model%2C%20and%20they%20should%20be%20considered%20from%20the%20beginning%20of%20the%20modeling%20process.%20It%20is%20also%20important%20to%20determine%20if%20an%20object%20needs%20to%20be%20an%20entity%20or%20not%2C%20which%20is%20discussed%20in%20the%20next%20pattern.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22Entities%20are%20important%20objects%20of%20a%20domain%20model%2C%20and%20they%20should%20be%20considered%20from%20the%20beginning%20of%20the%20modeling%20process.%20It%20is%20also%20important%20to%20determine%20if%20an%20object%20needs%20to%20be%20an%20entity%20or%20not%2C%20which%20is%20discussed%20in%20the%20next%20pattern.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ff6666%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2241%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200040%7C001429%7C00478%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A40%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B68.394%2C158.224%2C381.715%2C169.095%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C144.425%2C381.715%2C155.296%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C130.627%2C381.759%2C141.498%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C116.828%2C329.506%2C127.699%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A07%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RYNSYKTH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%28N.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22image%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%235fb236%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2238%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200037%7C000836%7C00329%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A37%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B37.5%2C194.25%2C381.25%2C318.417%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A06%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V45L6FS7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%28N.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22image%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ff6666%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2238%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200037%7C001027%7C00385%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A37%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B44.167%2C200.083%2C370.833%2C263%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A05%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226F7FA6K8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EHowever%2C%20when%20domain-related%20code%20is%20mixed%20with%20the%20other%20layers%2C%20it%20becomes%20extremely%20difficult%20to%20see%20and%20think%20about.%20Superficial%20changes%20to%20the%20UI%20can%20actually%20change%20business%20logic.%20To%20change%20a%20business%20rule%20may%20require%20meticulous%20tracing%20of%20UI%20code%2C%20database%20code%2C%20or%20other%20program%20elements.%20Implementing%20coherent%2C%20model-driven%20objects%20becomes%20impractical.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22However%2C%20when%20domain-related%20code%20is%20mixed%20with%20the%20other%20layers%2C%20it%20becomes%20extremely%20difficult%20to%20see%20and%20think%20about.%20Superficial%20changes%20to%20the%20UI%20can%20actually%20change%20business%20logic.%20To%20change%20a%20business%20rule%20may%20require%20meticulous%20tracing%20of%20UI%20code%2C%20database%20code%2C%20or%20other%20program%20elements.%20Implementing%20coherent%2C%20model-driven%20objects%20becomes%20impractical.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%235fb236%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2237%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200036%7C000621%7C00487%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A36%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B68.394%2C149.225%2C381.622%2C160.096%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C135.426%2C381.581%2C146.297%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C121.627%2C381.581%2C132.498%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C107.829%2C381.622%2C118.7%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C94.029%2C381.594%2C104.901%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C80.231%2C324.706%2C91.102%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A05%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q4YS62H7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EIn%20an%20object-oriented%20program%2C%20UI%2C%20database%2C%20and%20other%20support%20code%20often%20gets%20written%20directly%20into%20the%20business%20objects.%20Additional%20business%20logic%20is%20embedded%20in%20the%20behavior%20of%20UI%20widgets%20and%20database%20scripts.%20This%20some%20times%20happens%20because%20it%20is%20the%20easiest%20way%20to%20make%20things%20work%20quickly.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28n.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22highlight%22%2C%22annotationText%22%3A%22In%20an%20object-oriented%20program%2C%20UI%2C%20database%2C%20and%20other%20support%20code%20often%20gets%20written%20directly%20into%20the%20business%20objects.%20Additional%20business%20logic%20is%20embedded%20in%20the%20behavior%20of%20UI%20widgets%20and%20database%20scripts.%20This%20some%20times%20happens%20because%20it%20is%20the%20easiest%20way%20to%20make%20things%20work%20quickly.%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ff6666%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2237%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200036%7C000372%7C00409%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A36%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B68.394%2C227.218%2C381.439%2C238.089%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C213.42%2C381.701%2C224.291%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C199.621%2C381.621%2C210.492%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C185.822%2C381.52%2C196.693%5D%2C%5B68.394%2C172.023%2C304.907%2C182.894%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A05%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZXZUQWRB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A5085975%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EPatrz%20architektura%20heksagonalna%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%28n.d.%29.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22parentItem%22%3A%226XXNU44L%22%2C%22itemType%22%3A%22annotation%22%2C%22annotationType%22%3A%22note%22%2C%22annotationComment%22%3A%22Patrz%20architektura%20heksagonalna%22%2C%22annotationColor%22%3A%22%23ff6666%22%2C%22annotationPageLabel%22%3A%2237%22%2C%22annotationSortIndex%22%3A%2200036%7C000020%7C00106%22%2C%22annotationPosition%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageIndex%5C%22%3A36%2C%5C%22rects%5C%22%3A%5B%5B390.4583326975504%2C519.0833339691163%2C412.4583326975505%2C541.0833339691162%5D%5D%7D%22%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-01T13%3A04%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Hepburn, B., & Andersen, H. (2021). Scientific Method. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.),
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/scientific-method/
Ozkaya, M. (2023, April 9). Microservices Architecture.
Design Microservices Architecture with Patterns & Principles.
https://medium.com/design-microservices-architecture-with-patterns/microservices-architecture-2bec9da7d42a
Weiss, M., & Hari, A. (2004).
ICDM - an Integrated Methodology for the Conceptual Design of New Systems.
https://www.academia.edu/59514794/ICDM_an_Integrated_Methodology_for_the_Conceptual_Design_of_New_Systems
Włodarska-Dziurzyńska, K. (2012). Pojęcie produktu.
Nieuczciwe praktyki rynkowe : ocena regulacji, 141–143.
https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/server/api/core/bitstreams/c5d331c9-8945-4f12-9a9b-12eddee0be30/content
Mahesh, B. (2019). Machine Learning Algorithms -A Review. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20203995
Martin, R. C., & Martin, R. C. (2018). Clean architecture: a craftsman’s guide to software structure and design. Prentice Hall.
Foote, B., & Yoder, J. (1997).
Big Ball of Mud. Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Springfield Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2938621_Big_Ball_of_Mud
Alencar, F. (2000). Closing the GAP between organizational requirements and object oriented modeling.
Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society.
https://www.academia.edu/83364710/Closing_the_GAP_between_organizational_requirements_and_object_oriented_modeling
Harmon, P. (2010, December 14). What is a Business Process.
BPTrends,
8(21), 6.
http://www.bptrends.com/publicationfiles/advisor20101214.pdf
Harmon, P., & Garcia, J. (2020).
The States of the Business Process Management Process 2020 (No. 2020). BP Trends Associations.
www.bptrends.com
Harmon, P. (2016).
The State of Business Process Management 2016. BT Trends.
https://www.club-bpm.com/Contenido/Estudios/BPT-Survey-Report.pdf
Nanayakkara, C. (2023, July 7). Microservices Patterns: The Saga Pattern.
Cloud Native Daily.
https://medium.com/cloud-native-daily/microservices-patterns-part-04-saga-pattern-a7f85d8d4aa3
Gaiardelli, S., Spellini, S., Panato, M., Tadiello, C., Lora, M., Cheng, D. S., & Fummi, F. (2024). Enabling Service-oriented Manufacturing through Architectures, Models and Protocols.
IEEE Access, 1–1.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3385634
Huang, S.-C. (2006). A semiotic view of information: Semiotics as a foundation of LIS research in information behavior.
Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
43(1), 1–17.
https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.1450430166
Nuninger, L., Verhagen, P., Libourel, T., Opitz, R., Rodier, X., Laplaige, C., Fruchart, C., Leturcq, S., & Levoguer, N. (2020). Linking Theories, Past Practices, and Archaeological Remains of Movement through Ontological Reasoning.
Information,
11, 338.
https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060338
Machado, I. (n.d.). Graphic argumentation: diagrammatic modeling in the.
Communication and Evaluating Science, 177–202. Retrieved April 11, 2024, from
https://www.academia.edu/download/92934020/Irene_Machado.pdf
Jerzy Zajadło. (2019). Banał formuły “dura lex sed lex.”
Banał formuły “dura lex sed lex,” R. 64, nr 5, 5–12.
https://palestra.pl/pl/czasopismo/wydanie/5-2019/artykul/banal-formuly-dura-lex-sed-lex
Korycka-Zirk, M., & Dobrzeniecki, K. (2018). Logika dla prawników: kompendium i zadania (Wydanie II rozszerzone). Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa “Dom Organizatora.”
Lewandowski, S., & Malinowski, A. (Eds.). (2002). Logika dla prawników. Wydaw. Prawnicze “LexisNexis.”
Lewandowski, S., Machińska, H., Malinowski, A., Petzel, J., & Pełka, M. (Eds.). (2022). Logika dla prawników (Wydanie 13). Wolters Kluwer.
Lewandowski, S., Malinowski, A., & Petzel, J. (Eds.). (2021). Logika dla prawników: słownik encyklopedyczny (3. wydanie zaktualizowane i rozszerzone). Wolters Kluwer.
Friedman, J. (1997). What’s wrong with Libertarianism.
Critical Review,
11(3), 407–467.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08913819708443469
Singla, A., Nathan, V. T., & Vageesh, S. (2016). Model Based Self‐Learning System Engineering Approach.
INCOSE International Symposium,
26(s1), 219–233.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2016.00327.x
Sarnowski, J. (2022). Podatki w krajach nordyckich a gospodarka i dobrobyt.
Doradztwo Podatkowe - Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych,
5(309), 4–14.
https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8617
Ackoff, R. L., Magidson, J., Addison, H. J., & Ehrlich, A. (2007).
Projektowanie ideału: kształtowanie przyszłości organizacji. Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Zarządzania im. Leona Koźmińskiego : Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.
https://repozytorium.kozminski.edu.pl/pl/pub/3442
Babalola, V. (2016). Public Private Partnership: Imperative in Educational Planning and Management for Human Security in Nigerian Schools. 6.
Keet, C. M., & Fillottrani, P. R. (2015). An Analysis and Characterisation of Publicly Available Conceptual Models. In P. Johannesson, M. L. Lee, S. W. Liddle, A. L. Opdahl, & Ó. Pastor López (Eds.), Conceptual Modeling (Vol. 9381, pp. 585–593). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25264-3_45
Busboom, A. (2024). Automated generation of OPC UA information models — A review and outlook.
Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 100602.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2024.100602
Brambilla, M., Cabot, J., & Wimmer, M. (2012). Model-driven software engineering in practice. Morgan & Claypool.
Boisot, M., & Canals, A. (2004). Data, information and knowledge: have we got it right?
Journal of Evolutionary Economics,
14(1), 43–67.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-003-0181-9
Chen, M., Ebert, D., Hagen, H., Laramee, R. S., Van Liere, R., Ma, K.-L., Ribarsky, W., Scheuermann, G., & Silver, D. (2008). Data, information, and knowledge in visualization.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,
29(1), 12–19.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4736452/
Floridi, L. (2005). Is Semantic Information Meaningful Data?
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research,
70(2), 351–370.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2005.tb00531.x
Zins, C. (2007). Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,
58(4), 479–493.
https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20508
Foehr, M., Vollmar, J., Calà, A., Leitão, P., Karnouskos, S., & Colombo, A. (2017). Engineering of Next Generation Cyber-Physical Automation System Architectures. In Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems: Data Models and Software Solutions for Handling Complex Engineering Projects (pp. 185–206). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56345-9_8
Therefore, use a Repository, the purpose of which is to encapsulate all the logic needed to obtain object references. The domain objects won’t have to deal with the infrastructure to get the needed references to other objects of the domain. They will just get them from the Repository and the model is regaining its clarity and focus. (n.d.).
Therefore, a new concept is necessary to be introduced, one that help to encapsulate the process of complex object creation. This is called Factory. Factories are used to encapsulate the knowledge necessary for object creation, and they are especially useful to create Aggregates. When the root of the Aggregate is created, all the objects contained by the Aggregate are created along with it, and all the invariants are enforced. (n.d.).
Therefore, use Aggregates. An Aggregate is a group of associated objects which are considered as one unit with regard to data changes. The Aggregate is demarcated by a boundary which separates the objects inside from those outside. Each Aggregate has one root. The root is an Entity, and it is the only object accessible from outside. The root can hold references to any of the aggregate objects, and the other objects can hold references to each other, but an outside object can hold references only to the root object. If there are other Entities inside the boundary, the identity of those entities is local, making sense only inside the aggregate. (n.d.).
A Service should not replace the operation which normally belongs on domain objects. We should not create a Service for every operation needed. But when such an operation stands out as an important concept in the domain, a Service should be created for it. There are three characteristics of a Service: 1. The operation performed by the Service refers to a domain concept which does not naturally belong to an Entity or Value Object. 2. The operation performed refers to other objects in the domain. 3. The operation is stateless. (n.d.).
Entities are important objects of a domain model, and they should be considered from the beginning of the modeling process. It is also important to determine if an object needs to be an entity or not, which is discussed in the next pattern. (n.d.).
However, when domain-related code is mixed with the other layers, it becomes extremely difficult to see and think about. Superficial changes to the UI can actually change business logic. To change a business rule may require meticulous tracing of UI code, database code, or other program elements. Implementing coherent, model-driven objects becomes impractical. (n.d.).
In an object-oriented program, UI, database, and other support code often gets written directly into the business objects. Additional business logic is embedded in the behavior of UI widgets and database scripts. This some times happens because it is the easiest way to make things work quickly. (n.d.).
Patrz architektura heksagonalna. (n.d.).